Output Device Monitor Definitation, Features, classification, Uses, Parts Details Hardware & Networking

Definition

A monitor is an electronic output device. It is also known as video display terminal (VDT) or a video display unit (VDU). It is used to display images, text, video, and graphics information generated by a connected computer video card. it is almost like a TV and resolution is much higher than a TV. The first computer monitor was introduced in 1 March 1973.

CONTENT Table

1.   What is Monitor?
2.   History
3. Features
4. Classification
5. Uses
6.   Main parts & Function
7.   Connector
8.   Question & Ans

Older monitors were built using a fluorescent screen and Cathode Ray Tube. Nowadays, all monitors are made by using flat-panel display technology, commonly backlit with LEDs. These modern monitors take less space on the desk compared to older CRT displays.

History of Monitors

Year	Technology	Invented by	Types
1964	CRT		Uniscope 300
1965	Touch screen technology	A. Johnson	Touch Screen
1973, 1 march	monochrome display and used CRT technology		Xerox Alt
1975	resistive touch screen display	George Samuel Hurst
1977	LED display technology	James P. Mitchell	Led
1977	CRT Color	Apple Company	CRT Monitor
1987	VGA Monitor	IBM Company	IBM 8513
1989	SVGA standard	VESA	SVGA Monitor
1990s middle	LCD	Eizo Nanao	Eizo L66
1997	LCD	IBM, Viewsonic, and Apple	color LCD
1998	LCD	Apple	color LCD monitors
2006	touch-based monitor	Jeff Han	TED
2009	LED	NEC company	MultiSync EA222WMe
2017	touch screen LCD

Features:-

§  Resolution :- Every modern display is made up of millions of pixels (short for “picture element”) that create the visual image that you see on your screen. The resolution determines the number of pixels on the screen. the most common resolutions found TVs and monitors is 1920x1080 (Full HD or 1080p).

Common resolutions:

§  1280 × 720

§  1366 × 768

§  1440 × 900

§  1920 × 1080 - FHD - 1080p

§  2560 × 1080

§  2560 × 1440 - QHD - 1440p - 2K

§  3440 × 1440

§  3840 × 2160 - UHD - 4K

 

§  Screen size:- Basically We found Display screen size 15"-27". 27” Display are used by professionals for specific tasks and need larger spaces. the resolution of the monitor, which will affect the pixel density of the monitor, and is measured by pixels per inch( PPI).

§  Aspect Ratio :- Monitors  aspect ratio define to the shape of the display. Its a number representing the ratio of the width to its height and can be measured from the resolution directly.

Aspect ratio

Some common aspect ratios are:

§  16:9 - Wide

§  21:9 – Ultra Wide

§  32:9 - Super Wide

 

§  Panel Type - IPS, VA, TN:- LCDs have been around longer than OLED displays, are cheaper to produce, and are the most realistic option for most people. There are three main LCD technologies are - TN, VA, and IPS.

§  TN:-TN (twisted nematic) TN panels suffer the worst from poor viewing angles and may not be the best option for professionals who do color grading or photo editing.. the strength of TN panels lies in high refresh rates and low response times, making them a decent option for gamers or casual use.

§  IPS:- IPS (in-plane switching) panels have better color reproduction and viewing angles.

§  VA:- This pannel should be considered as a compromise between IPS and TN technologies. Its has great contrast, colors, and viewing angles.

 

Refresh Rate:- Refresh rate refers to how many times can update a display in one second. it is measured in hertz or Hz.

Common refresh rates:

§  60Hz

§  75Hz

§  90Hz

§  120Hz - Gaming

§  144Hz - Gaming

 

§  Response Time: - Response time refers to how quickly any given pixel can change its color and is measured in milliseconds. Like- grey-to-grey, how quickly a pixel can change from black to white to black again.

§  Synchronisation Technology - G-Sync, FreeSync :- We play video games, then you may have experienced screen tearing during fast-paced moments. It should be change Frame rate & Video Signal Graphics card wise.

Both the graphics card to dynamically control the refresh rate of the display:

G-Sync:- It is an adaptive sync technology developed by Nvidia. It is compatible display needs to have Nvidia proprietary module in it to be certified.

This  display is also have tested by Nvidia to ensure to meets their strict standards.

FreeSync:- It is developed by AMD and uses adaptive sync technology within the DisplayPort 1.2a standard. The “free” is indicates that this technology can be used by other companies without paying royalties. This also Free Sync the more ‘affordable’ standard of the two.

§  Viewing Angles:- Viewing angles  are measured by two numbers, e.g. 160/120 & side Horizontal & Vertical side. 180º is the theoretical limit.

§  Input Connectors :- There are few Types of Input connectors. Such like as VGA, DVI, HDMI, Display Port.

§  Curved Monitor :- Curved displays range from 1800R to 4000R with smaller curvature ratings denoting a more aggressive curvature. The R in the curvature rating stands for radius, and the number.

§  Brightness :- The brightness of a computer monitors is measured in the unit that is called nits or cd/m2. Or a brightness rating of 200-300 nits which is adequate for regular users as long as they do not use it in a very bright environment.

• HDR:- it is Stand for High Dynamic Range. HDR is important technical specification of a monitor that is also partially similar with the brightness and contrast ratio. HDR displays can typically display brighter highlights and darker low lights, providing a more "dynamic" imag
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§  Contrast :- Contrast ratio is a measure of the luminance between the brightest white and darkest black colors that a monitor can produce. Contrast is measured as a ratio, e.g. 1000:1; the larger the first number, the higher the contrast.

§  Color Space:- The monitor color space refers to the colors. it's capable to displaying. The most common color are sRGB, DCI-P3, and Adobe RGB.

§  Backlight Technology:- At this time we use backlight technology. This time use most technology for Backlight like OLED & LCD.

OLED:- It is stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode. Every OLED pixel generates its own light and shuts off when needed. This results represent in high contrast, as OLED pixels merely need to turn off to produce perfect blacks.

LCD:- LCD pixels do not generate their own light it to need a backlight for illumination. This backlight allows for displays that attend to be brighter than their OLED counterparts.

Classification:- (Brief Discuss Each Classification another Tutorial)

·         CRT Monitors :- Crt stand For Cathode Ray Tube. The electrons repeatedly hit on the surface that is create an image on the screen. These guns are responsible for generating RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colors, and more other colorscan be generated combind these three colors

·         LCD Monitors :- LCD Stand For Liquid Crystal Display. Liquid crystal molecules are placed between two electrodes. It’s offers a clear picture better than CRT display and emits less radiation. The amount of light that should be pass through the liquid crystal molecules that is determined by the amount of electrical charge applied to the electrodes.

·         LED Monitors :- LED stand for Light Emitting Diode. monitors are essentially LCD monitors with LED backlighting to illuminate the LCD image. James P. Mitchell invented the first LED display. The first prototype of an LED display was published to the market 18 March 1978,  at the SEF (Science and Engineering Fair) in Iowa.

·         Plasma Display Panel :-  A plasma screen is a thin, flat-panel, and capable of hanging on a wall like LCD and LED. It is a brighter screen as better to LCD displays. This displays have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and high refresh rates, which is used to reduce blur in a video.  it supports high resolutions up to 1920 x 1080.

·         TFT Monitor:- This  type of LCD flat panel display, which stands for a thin-film transistor. This monitors, all pixels are controlled with the help one to four transistors. The high-quality flat-panel LCD use this transistors. Although the TFT-based monitor provide better resolution, of all the flat-panel techniques. This are highly expensive. 

·         DLP Monitor:- DLP stands for Digital Light Processing. Which developed by Texas Instruments. It is a technology, which is used for presentations by projecting images of a monitor onto a big screen. 

·         Touch Screen Monitor :- This monitors are also known as an input device. It interact to users with the computer by using a finger instead of using a mouse or keyboard. When users touch on the screen by their finger, then it occurs an event and forward to the controller for processing.

·         OLED Monitor :- It is a new flat light-emitting display technology. It feature is more efficient, brighter, thinner, and better refresh rates and contrast as compared to the LCD display. It is made up thin films between two conductors. These displays do not need a backlight.

Uses:-

Playing Game: Computer monitor  provide a screen, and with the helping playing your favorite game, because without monitor nothing will be shown then how you do possible to play the game?

Word Processing: all work of word processing by helping of computer monitor because without using it you are unable to do work of word processing. Any kind of file or modification can be done on computer monitor itself.

Email Works: send email to someone otherwise receive emails from anyone by using of monitor.

Internet Suffering: using the monitor you can also all work of web browsing. Because without helping of computer monitor, you are not ready to suffer until you view something.

Data Feeding: any data entry task it is possible only by using of computer monitor screen, because you are unable to nothing type of data until you view something.

Parts of Monitor and their Functions

every part has own special functionalities such as..

LCD Screen: Mostly, computer monitor screen are liquid crystal displays which are constructed by thin film transistors.

Layered Glass: LCD monitor screen is made of various layers of glass, which manipulates of this light while displaying on the monitor screen.

Laptop Stands: Thin plastic stands have to use for LCD displays, main motive to design for the monitor screen. it is to decrease the physical boundation for placing on the desk.

Power Connector: This connectors are used in connecting one component to another components.

Interface Board: Interface board has to use for over control and all functionality of a monitor screen.

Reflectors and Light Sources: It has been projected light beam on the monitor screen.

Amplifier Circuit: Amplifier circuit helps to amplify to all video signals which are reached on the screen.

CRT (cathode-ray tube): CRT has to use three major components are electron gun, phosphor to viewing surface, and finally glass envelope.

Types of monitor connector & Port

VGA:- It is Stand for  ‘video graphics array’, was released over 30 years ago in 1987. It is still in use today and can be found on older and more budget monitors.

VGA supports resolutions up to 2048×1536 at 85Hz but doesn't support audio.

DVI:- It is stand for ‘Digital Visual Interface’ was released in 1999 and like VGA. DVI can be used in an analog-only mode (DVI-A), digital mode (DVI-D), or an analog and digital mode (DVI-I).It support two cable in a dual link with a resolution of up to 3840 × 2400 at 30Hz being supported in dual-link mode, and up to 2560 × 1600 at 30Hz with a single link.

HDMI:- It is stand for High Definition Multimedia Interface.it released in 2002.It is the most universal connection type of modern monitors. The latest version of HDMI (2.1) supports up to 10K 120Hz video. The HDMI 1.4 and 2.0 standards which are more common, support up to 4K (3840×2160) at 30Hz and 4K at 60Hz respectively.

DisplayPort:- Display Port released in 2006 and developed by PC and chip makers to replace VGA and DVI. DisplayPort supports audio, and the 1.4 standard supports up to 8K (7680×4320) at 60Hz video.

What are 4 types of monitor?

There are five types of monitors CRT, LCD, LED,OLED , and Plasma Monitor all are used in televisions or computer desktops.

What is the main function of the monitor?

A monitor is an electronic device. It  used to display output video from a computer.

What is the importance of monitor?

Monitoring  for proactive response, data security ,data gathering and the overall good health of a computer system. While monitoring does not fix problems, it does lead to more stable and reliable computer systems.